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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*bEkre face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"sterlet face="Times New Roman Star"ñòåðëÿäü face="Times New Roman Star"bekre (R ) face="Times New Roman Star"bekre (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"bekre, bekire (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"bekire face="Times New Roman Star"bikre face="Times New Roman Star"bekire face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 68, ÝÑÒß 2, 108.
face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)al face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"wild, rough face="Times New Roman Star"äèêèé, ãðóáûé face="Times New Roman Star"qal (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qal (KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"qal (CCum .) face="Times New Roman Star"Galdav face="Times New Roman Star"xal face="Times New Roman Star"qal face="Times New Roman Star"qal face="Times New Roman Star"xal face="Times New Roman Star"xal-mal face="Times New Roman Star"qaltaq face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 614, VEWT 224, ÄÒÑ 410.
face="Times New Roman Star"*go"pe(ne) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"haystack face="Times New Roman Star"ñòîã ñåíà face="Times New Roman Star"geben face="Times New Roman Star"ku"be face="Times New Roman Star"koba face="Times New Roman Star"xo"pe:n face="Times New Roman Star"ku"be| face="Times New Roman Star"keben face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 15, 80, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 308-309. Turk. > Hung. kepe 'sheaf', see Gombocz 1912 .
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyj- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to cut aslant, make notches 2 to cut in small pieces face="Times New Roman Star"1 ðåçàòü íàèñêîñîê, äåëàòü çàðóáêè 2 ðåçàòü íà ìåëêèå êóñî÷êè face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kyj- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- (AH , Ettuhf. ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qij- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Gyj- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xyj- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xújú chip, sliver face="Times New Roman Star"kyj- 'walk around' face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 261, ÝÑÒß 6, 197-200. Turk. *kyjgac? > Kalm. ki:g|@s (KW 234). The meaning of the Orkh. hapax qyd- (see EDT 595) is quite insecure and cannot serve as a basis for reconstructing *Kyd-; all other forms (including qyj- 'to cut aslant' and qyj-ma 'cut meat' in MK ) point unambiguously to *Kyj-, see ÝÑÒß 6, 200, 202-203. There exist also common Turkic derivatives *Kyj-yr and *Kyj-yk 'oblique, bent'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ku"b- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to pound, hit (laundry) face="Times New Roman Star"áèòü, âûáèâàòü (áåëüå) face="Times New Roman Star"ku"je|- face="Times New Roman Star"kiv- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 306, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 268, 290.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kob- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to follow, chase face="Times New Roman Star"ïðåñëåäîâàòü, ãíàòüñÿ face="Times New Roman Star"qov- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kov- face="Times New Roman Star"quw- face="Times New Roman Star"qov- (AH ), qaw- (Áîð. Áàä. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qaw- (dial.), quw- face="Times New Roman Star"Gov- face="Times New Roman Star"qov- face="Times New Roman Star"qu:- face="Times New Roman Star"xu-, xúv- face="Times New Roman Star"qu:-, qubala- face="Times New Roman Star"quw- face="Times New Roman Star"quw- face="Times New Roman Star"qyw- face="Times New Roman Star"quw- face="Times New Roman Star"qu:- face="Times New Roman Star"quw- face="Times New Roman Star"quw- face="Times New Roman Star"quw- face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 6, 9-10, VEWT 275, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 315-316. The Karakh. derivative qovdaq 'greedy' (although scarcely attested) is a probable source of WMong. qobdug| 'greedy', see Clark 1977 , 147.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kurgak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"palate face="Times New Roman Star"íå'áî face="Times New Roman Star"xurg|ax face="Times New Roman Star"qurg|aq face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 303, Ëåêñèêà 230.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KAky- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to be angry face="Times New Roman Star"ñåðäèòüñÿ face="Times New Roman Star"qaqy- (OUygh.), qaqy-g| 'anger' face="Times New Roman Star"qaqy-, qaqu- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kaky- face="Times New Roman Star"qaqy- (AH , Qutb ., Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qaqy- face="Times New Roman Star"qaq- face="Times New Roman Star"qaqy- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 223, ÝÑÒß 5, 223-224. Turk. > WMong. qaki-, Kalm. x|a"k@- (KW 176).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kek- / *Kak- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 curved 2 stick with a hook 3 latch 4 to bend 5 to bend one's neck face="Times New Roman Star"1 êðèâîé 2 ïàëêà ñ êðþêîì 3 ùåêîëäà 4 ãíóòüñÿ 5 âûãèáàòü øåþ face="Times New Roman Star"keke, dial. gege 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ke|kre, ke|jre 1, 2, ke|kre|j- 4, (Sib.) ke|ge| 3 face="Times New Roman Star"kekkaj-, qaqqaj- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"kekej- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"kagúr 2, 3, kagúr-t- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"keg|ij-, kekej- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"qaqaj-, kekej- 4, 5 face="Times New Roman Star"qaqaj-, kekirej- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"ka"kere 1, ka"kera"j- 4, ka"ka"-n|-la"- 'èçâèâàòüñÿ î çìåå', qaqaj- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"qaqaj-, kejkej- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 248.
face="Times New Roman Star"*da:ry- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to touch, fall upon, attack face="Times New Roman Star"äîòðàãèâàòüñÿ, íàïàäàòü face="Times New Roman Star"(Osm.) dary- (14 c.) face="Times New Roman Star"tary- face="Times New Roman Star"dary- (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"daras?- face="Times New Roman Star"da:ra- face="Times New Roman Star"ta:ryj- face="Times New Roman Star"tary- face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 3, 149. Despite VEWT 133, hardly a mongolism (but Kaz., Nogh., KKalp. dary- are probably < Mong. dag|ari-). One should perhaps link also *dAry-n-, *dAry-l- 'to become angry, offended' (ÝÑÒß 3, 161-162 - pass. or medial forms, i.e. *'to be touched, approached').
face="Times New Roman Star"*job- face="Times New Roman Star"1 to overwhelm with kindness 2 collective work face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïðîÿâèòü äîáðîòó 2 ïî/ìî÷ü face="Times New Roman Star"jov-, jovsa- 1, jo"vtu"r- (caus.) (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"jo:rum 'âîñïèòàíèå' face="Times New Roman Star"jovar 2 face="Times New Roman Star"? d'o":z?o 'èìóùåñòâî' face="Times New Roman Star"sobolon| 'payment for work' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 871, 873, 880
face="Times New Roman Star"*jaryn face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"shoulder, shoulderblade face="Times New Roman Star"ïëå÷î, ëîïàòêà face="Times New Roman Star"jaryn (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"jaryn (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"jaryn face="Times New Roman Star"c?aryn face="Times New Roman Star"c?aryn face="Times New Roman Star"jaryn, d/aryn face="Times New Roman Star"s/orúm face="Times New Roman Star"saryn face="Times New Roman Star"saryn, sanny face="Times New Roman Star"c?aryn face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 970, ÝÑÒß 4, 66, Ëåêñèêà 242, Äûáî 139-141, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 142, Stachowski 209. Forms going back to *jagryn are due to a merger with *jagyr (v. sub *dagV ).
face="Times New Roman Star"*del- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to bore through 2 to cut 3 to open face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïðîäûðÿâëèâàòü 2 ðåçàòü face="Times New Roman Star"tel- 1 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"tel- 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"del- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tel- 1 (Sangl. , Abush. ) face="Times New Roman Star"telyk 'opening' face="Times New Roman Star"da"l- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tel- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"del- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"del- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"del- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 471, EDT 490, ÝÑÒß 3, 185-186, TMN 2, 657.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jorukan face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 badger 2 suslik face="Times New Roman Star"1 áàðñóê 2 ñóñëèê face="Times New Roman Star"c?oraxa (R) face="Times New Roman Star"joroqon (R) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 207. Turk. > WMong. z?|orug|an, z?|oruqan, Kalm. zorg|@n, zorx@n (KW 476).
face="Times New Roman Star"*jabry face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"young of birds and animals face="Times New Roman Star"äåòåíûø ïòèö è æèâîòíûõ face="Times New Roman Star"javru, javry face="Times New Roman Star"javry (Ettuhf. ) face="Times New Roman Star"s/úw|vúw|r, s/urú face="Times New Roman Star"javru face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 176, ÝÑÒß 4, 53, Ëåêñèêà 168-169, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 140-141, TMN 4, 220.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jod- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to destroy face="Times New Roman Star"óíè÷òîæàòü, ðàçðóøàòü face="Times New Roman Star"jod- (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"jod|- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"z?|uj- face="Times New Roman Star"joj- (Houts. ), juj- (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"joj- face="Times New Roman Star"c?os- face="Times New Roman Star"sot- 'to wipe out' face="Times New Roman Star"hot- 'to wipe out' face="Times New Roman Star"c?ot- face="Times New Roman Star"z?|oj- face="Times New Roman Star"z?oj- face="Times New Roman Star"joj- face="Times New Roman Star"juj- face="Times New Roman Star"z?|oj- face="Times New Roman Star"z?oj- face="Times New Roman Star"joj- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 885, VEWT 204, ÝÑÒß 4, 210, Stachowski 109.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jam face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 piece of dust 2 litter floating on the surface of water face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñîðèíêà 2 ìóñîð, ïëàâàþùèé ïî âîäå face="Times New Roman Star"jam (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?am 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 205.
face="Times New Roman Star"*je.r- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to hate face="Times New Roman Star"íåíàâèäåòü, ïèòàòü îòâðàùåíèå face="Times New Roman Star"jer- (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"jer- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"jer- face="Times New Roman Star"jer- (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"jer- face="Times New Roman Star"i:r- face="Times New Roman Star"jeri- face="Times New Roman Star"sir- face="Times New Roman Star"z?|eri- face="Times New Roman Star"z?er- face="Times New Roman Star"z?eri- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 955, ÝÑÒß 4, 193, VEWT 198. Yakut shows that the Turkm. length is secondary (i:r- = jir-).
face="Times New Roman Star"*i:g face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"illness, decease face="Times New Roman Star"áîëåçíü face="Times New Roman Star"ig (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"ig (MK , KB , Tefs. ) face="Times New Roman Star"ig|z?|il face="Times New Roman Star"ig (Sangl. , Houts. ) face="Times New Roman Star"i:gli 'rickety' face="Times New Roman Star"júx 'leprosy, scrofula' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 98-99, Åãîðîâ 76-77, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 189, Ìóäðàê 73, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 157, VEWT 169.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kat- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to heat (oven) 2 (fire) steel 3 to bake face="Times New Roman Star"1 òîïèòü ïå÷ü 2 îãíèâî 3 ïå÷ü face="Times New Roman Star"xot- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xatat 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qatyr- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"Àøì. XVI, 256, ÝÑÒß 5, 335 (connected with *kat- 'dry', but in fact a different root because of the Chuvash form). However, if Mari oltas? 'heat' is from Bulg., the original form could be *Kal-t- and should be removed from the etymology (cf. Ôåäîòîâ 2, 372).
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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